Arctic Loon

Gavia arcticaOrder: GAVIIFORMESFamily: Loons (Gaviidae)

Breeding Location:

Lakes, Tundra, Sea, open



Breeding Type:

Solitary nester



Breeding Population:

Uncommon to locally common



Egg Color:

Olive green to brown with black spots or blotches



Number of Eggs:

1 - 3



Incubation Days:

28 - 30



Egg Incubator:

Female



Nest Material:

Varies from mere scrape or depression to mound of earth and plants; usually it's loose structures made of aquatic vegetation.



Migration:

Migratory



Splitbar

Overview

Arctic Loon: Medium loon with straight, stout bill, white-spotted black back, white flanks visible above water while swimming. Head and nape are gray. Neck has bold black and white stripes on sides and green or purple throat bar that may be difficult to see. Feeds on fish, mollusks, and crustaceans.

Range and Habitat

Arctic Loon: Breeds in northwestern Alaska; occurs in coastal western Alaska, especially at St. Lawrence Island, during migration. Preferred habitats include ocean, open water, and tundra lakes (summer).

Breeding and Nesting

Arctic Loon: One to three black-spotted, olive green to brown eggs are laid in a ground nest made of soil and plants. Incubation ranges from 28 to 30 days and is carried out by both parents.

Foraging and Feeding

Arctic Loon: Dives deep from the surface to catch small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. When a fish is caught, the loon throws back its head and swallows fish headfirst; may fly long distances to larger bodies of freshwater or to the coast for food.

Readily Eats

Vocalization

Arctic Loon: Makes a deep barking 'kwow" and eerie, wailing cries, often given in flight during the breeding season. Mostly quiet in winter.

Similar Species

Arctic Loon: Pacific Loon is smaller and has less white on flanks and rump.

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Family Loon (Gaviidae)_blue
Species Gavia arctica
Length22 - 28 Inches
Wingspan46.5 Inches

Arctic Loon

Arctic Loon: Medium loon with straight, stout bill, white-spotted black back, white flanks visible above water while swimming. Head and nape are gray. Neck has bold black and white stripes on sides and green or purple throat bar that may be difficult to see. Feeds on fish, mollusks, and crustaceans.

● Song: "kwow, know, know"

● Foraging & Feeding: Arctic Loon: Dives deep from the surface to catch small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. When a fish is caught, the loon throws back its head and swallows fish headfirst; may fly long distances to larger bodies of freshwater or to the coast for food.

● Breeding & nesting: Arctic Loon: One to three black-spotted, olive green to brown eggs are laid in a ground nest made of soil and plants. Incubation ranges from 28 to 30 days and is carried out by both parents.

● Similar species: Arctic Loon: Pacific Loon is smaller and has less white on flanks and rump.

Flight Pattern

Direct flight with rapid wing beats.
Arctic Loon Body Illustration
● Range & Habitat: Arctic Loon: Breeds in northwestern Alaska; occurs in coastal western Alaska, especially at St. Lawrence Island, during migration. Preferred habitats include ocean, open water, and tundra lakes (summer).
BreedingSolitary nester
PopulationUncommon to locally common
MigrationMigratory
Weight118.4 Ounces